| From(投稿者): | R4000 2.2 <tati@kc5.so-net.ne.jp> |
|---|---|
| Newsgroups(投稿グループ): | fj.archives.documents |
| Followup-to(フォローアップ記事の投稿先指定): | fj.comp.oldies |
| Subject(見出し): | コンピュータの歴史 |
| Date(投稿日時): | Fri, 22 Sep 2006 16:19:25 +0000 (UTC) |
| Organization(所属): | So-net Service |
| Supersedes(この記事を置き換えた): | (G) <newscache$qkh2si$xn7$1@news01e.so-net.ne.jp> |
| Message-ID(記事識別符号): | (G) <newscache$5e506j$dtk$1@news01b.so-net.ne.jp> |
Archive-name: comphist.txt
Version: $Revision: 1.19 $
Last-modified: $Date: 2006/09/22 16:19:12 $
$Id: comphist.txt,v 1.19 2006/09/22 16:19:12 tati Exp $
[Vendor]
see http://ei.cs.vt.edu/~history/Parallel.html
see http://www.cs.clemson.edu/~mark/hist.html
see http://perso.club-internet.fr/febcm/english/groupe__bull_chronology.html
see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequent_Computer_Systems
see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyramid_Technology
see http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/NCUBE
1950
CRC ---+
|
1884 | 1991 1996
NCR -------------+------------------------------------------+ +-------------
1952 | |
| |
AT&T -------------------------------------------------------+---+-------------
1875 ^^^
AT&T GIS
1994~1996
CTR
| [System/360]
IBM ------------------------!--+----------------------------------+-----------
1924 1964| |
| Sequent -----------+
| 1983 1999
v
Amdahl ----------------------------+
1970 1997|
|
FUJITSU ---------------------------------------------------------+------------
1935
SNI+-- Wincore -----
| | 1999
Nixdorf ------------------------------+ |
1956 1990|
|
Pyramid -------+
1981 1994
1954~1956
ElectroData
|
Burroughs ------------+----------------------------UNISYS --------------------
1905 1956 |1986
|
Eckert- Remington- Sperry- |
Mauchly - Rand --+-- Rand +----+------- Sperry ------+
(UNIVAC)| | |
1946 1950 | 1955 | | 1978
| | |
ERA -------------+ | |
1946 1952 | |
| |
[BIZMAC] | |
RCA -------------!-------------+
1919 1952 | 1971
|
| [CDC6600]
v 1964
CDC -+!+-----------------+-------X
1957 | | | 1990
| | v
Bendix --+ | ETA
1956 1963 | Systems --X
| 1984 1989
|
| [NEC SX-1]
| 1983
|
| Tera
| Computer -----+- CRAY --
v [CRAY-1] 1987 |2000
CRAY --!----------------------+----+ |
1972 1976 |1996| |
| | |
FPS ----------------------------+ | |
1970 1992 | |
SGI ---------------+-+---------
1982
nCUBE -----------------------X
1983 2005
Multiflow --X
1984 1990
KSR --------X
1986 1995
TMC -------X
1989 1997
SDS -+
Haloid 1961 |1969(XDS)
Company --------------Xerox-+--------X
1948 1961 1975
TRW
1958
1966
SEA -----------------------+
1948 |
CII -------+
| |
CAE -+ |
1960 |
[Gamma3] | Group
Bull ------!---------------+ CII-HB ---- Bull --------+-----------------
1931 1951 1964| ^ 1982 |
| | |
[ERMA] | | |
GE -------------------!----+--+1970 | |
1892 1956 | | |
| | |
1957 | | |
Honeywell ----------+--+----+-+-+-----+---------------------+
1927 | | | | 1975 1991
| | | |
Datamatic-+ | |
| | |
Raytheon -----------+ | |
1955 | |
| |
CCC -----+ |
1953 1966 |
|
v
Prime -------+----------------X
1972 | 1992
v
Apollo +----+
1980 | |1989
v |
Stellar |
1985 |
|
1981 |
Pyramid |
^ |
| |
HP ---------------------------------+---------+----------+-------+-----+------
1939 | | |
| Compaq --------------++-+
v 1982 | || 2001
Tandem -------------------------+|
1974 1997|
| |
DEC ----+--------------------------------------+
1957 |[PDP-11] [VAX11/780] | 1998
|1970 1977 |
| |
| 1982 |
| Convex -----------+
| ^ 1995
| |
| | 1983
| | ENCORE
| | ^
v | |
DG --------------+-+--------------------+
1968 | 1999|
[NOVA] v |
1969 Alliant -------X |
1982 1992 |
|
EMC ----------------------+-------
1979
Perkin-
Interdata - Elmer --- Concurrent -+---------------------
1966 1973 1985 |
|
MASSCOMP --+
1981 1988
1986
KSR
^
|
ENCORE -+---+--------------------
1983 |
|
GOULD --------+
| 1989
SEL -----------------+
1961 1980
Sun ---------------------------
1982
Stratus -------------------------
1980
Stardent--X
| 1991
Ardent--+
1985 |
Stellar--+
1985 1989
[FUJIC]
1956
[PC-1]
1958
[DIPS-1]
1971
[NEAC M4] [MS50][MS140][MS4100]
1969 1978 1982 1986
[EWS4800]
1986
[UP4800]
[FT20]
1991
CRC : Computer Research Corporation
NCR : National Cash Register Company
AT&T GIS : AT&T Global Information Solutions
CTR : Computing Tabulating Recording Company
SNI : Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme
Wincore : Wincor Nixdorf GmbH
Pyramid : Pyramid Technology Corporation
ERA : Engineering Research Associates, Inc.
RCA : Radio Corporation of America
CDC : Control Data Corporation
FPS : Floating Point Systems
Multiflow : Multiflow Computer , best known for its work in VLIW processors
KSR : Kendall Square Research Corporation
TMC : Thinking Machines Corporation
CCC : Computer Control Company Inc., DDP516 manufacturer
SDS : Scientific Data Systems
XDS : Xerox Data Systems
TRW : Thompson Ramo Wooldridge
SEA : Societe d'Electronique appliquee a l''Automatisme
CII : Compagnie Industrielle pour l'Informatique
CAE : Compagnie d'Automatisme Electronique
CII-HB : CII-Honeywell-Bull
DG : Data General
Perkin-Elmer : Perkin-Elmer Data Systems
MASSCOMP : Massachusetts Computer Corporation
GOULD : Gould Computer System Division
SEL : Systems Engineering Laboratories
===============================================================================
[日本のコンピュータプロジェクト]
see http://www.jrs.co.jp/eiki1/service/mars/index3.html
see http://www.funkygoods.com/garakuta/mars/mars.htm
see http://www.ipsj.or.jp/katsudou/museum/computer/0300.html
see http://www.ipsj.or.jp/katsudou/museum/computer/0560.html
see http://www.hitachi.co.jp/Sp/TJ/2003/hrnjul03/hrn07b05.html
see http://www.ipsj.or.jp/katsudou/museum/computer/0690.html
see http://www.ipa.go.jp/about/e-book/itphist/pdf/chrono.pdf
see http://www.jrs.co.jp/jinji/what/what.html
電振法 -> 機電法 -> 機情法--X
1957 1971 1978 1985
電子計算機調査委員会 △▽
1957~1958
FONTAC △-▼
1962~1965
超高性能電子計算機 △--▼
1966~1970
パターン情報処理システム △----------▼
1971 1980
新製品系列開発補助金 △--▼
1972~1976
超LSI開発補助金 △--▼
1976~9
第五世代 △----------▼
1982 1992
Σ計画 △-----▼
1985 1990
RWC △-----------▼
1992 2002
DIPS △----------------------------▽------------▼
1968 1992 2003
[DIPS-1]
1971
MARS △----------------------------------------------------
1958
[MARS-1]
1960
[MARS-101]
1964
[MARS-103]
1968
[MARS-301]
1985
[MARS-305]
1993
[MARS-501]
2004
電振法 : 電子工業振興臨時措置法
機電法 : 特定電子工業及び特定機械工業振興臨時措置法
機情法 : 特定機械情報産業振興臨時措置法
電子計算機調査委員会 : 電波技術協会 電子計算機調査委員会 による
IBM650相当機種開発
FONTAC : F-O-N Triple-Allied Computer
F=Fujitsu,O=Oki,N=NEC
RWC : Real World Computing
DIPS : Dendenkosha Information Processing System
MARS : Magnetic-electronic Automatic Reservation System
: Multi Access Reservation System
参考文献)
情報処理 Vol.44 No.6
情報処理 Vol.44 No.10
===============================================================================
[Network(systems,protocol,datalink...)]
see http://www.nifty.com/support/tty/index.htm
see http://www.net.intap.or.jp/oiia/cont1/p0302.html%7B0recid=10360.html
ARPANET -----------X
1969 1983
TCP/IP ------------------------
1982
ALOHAnet
1970
Telenet
1974
Cisco AGS
1986
Usenet ---------------------------
1979
Telebit TrailBlazer Plus
1985
BITNET
1981
CBBS
1978
Hayes SmartModem
1981
〜 パソコン通信 〜
ASCII-NET ------X
1985 1997
PC-VAN -------------X
1986 2001
日経MIX ----X
1987 1997
NIFTY-Serve -----------X
1987 2006
ASAHI-NET --------
1990
WWIVTERM
1987
WTERM
1988
KmTerm
1992
KmTermX
1993
〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜〜
BSC
1964
BTAM
1971
VTAM
1973
SNA -------------------------------------
1974
SDLC APPN(LU6.2)
1975 1986
DECnet
1975
XNS
(G1)
Ethernet
X.25
1976
LAPB
1978
DCNA
(G2)
OSI -----------------------------------
1977
HDLC
1979
JCA手順
1980
全銀手順
1983
JCA-H手順
1991
全銀TCP/IP手順
1997
DIX Ethernet 1.0
1980
NetWare
1983
MS-Networks
1984
AppleTalk
1988
Kalpana EPS-700
1990
FDDI
Frame Relay
10BASE-T
1990
ATM
1993
100BASE-TX
100VG-AnyLAN
1995
1000BASE-X
1998
IEEE802.3ae
2002
SNA : Systems Network Architecture
DCNA : Data Communication Network Architecture
(G1) : BNA(Burroughs),DCA(UNIVAC),DINA(NEC),ANSA(Toshiba)
(G2) : DONA(Oki),FNA(Fujitsu),MNA(Mitsubishi),HNA(Hitachi)
BNA : Burroughs Network Architecture
DCA : Distributed Communication Architecture
DINA : Distributed Information processing Network Architecture
ANSA : Advanced Network System Architecture
DONA : Decentralized Open Network Architecture
FNA : Fujitsu Network Architecture
MNA : Multishare Network Architecture
HNA : Hitachi Network Architecture
XNS : Xerox Network Systems
BTAM : Basic Telecommunication Access Method
VTAM : Virtual Telecommunications Access Method
CBBS : Computerized Bulletin Board System
===============================================================================
[Operating System]
see http://www.cs.wvu.edu/~jdm/classes/cs258/OScat/catalog.html
see http://www.cs.arizona.edu/people/bridges/oses.html
see http://www.cse.ogi.edu/DISC/projects/synthetix/related.html
see http://www.levenez.com/windows/
see http://www.freedos.org/freedos/news/doshist.txt
see http://tenex.opost.com/
see http://tenex.opost.com/tenexnews.txt
see http://www.multicians.org/
see http://www.computerworld.com/networkingtopics/networking/story/0,10801,74188,00.html
see http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/people/randy.carpenter/folklore/v1n3.html
see http://www.36bit.org/ibm/
see http://www-6.ibm.com/jp/event/museum/rekishi/prg1962.html
see http://www.bernstein-plus-sons.com/.dowling/CSC080/CSC080_Introduction.html
see http://os390-mvs.hypermart.net/mvshist1.htm
see http://en2.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS/360
see http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?GECOS
see http://h50146.www5.hp.com/products/software/oe/openvms/history/digital/
GM OS
1955
GM/NAA I/O System
1956
FMS
SOS
1960
IBSYS
1962
OS/360
1966
OS/VS2 --> MVS/370 --------> OS/390 ->z/OS --
1972 1979 1995 2001
GECOS ->GCOS ------------------------------------------
1962 1970
AI Lab ----------------------------------------------+
1959 |
[PDP-6] |
1964 |
ITS ---------------------------X |
1967 1990 |
v
DTSS CSAIL
1963 2003
^
CTSS |
1961 |
|
LCS----------------------------------+
^
|
Project MAC --X
1962 1975
Multics ------------------------------------X
1965 2000
Project GENIE
1964~1965
|
v
[SDS 940]
1966
[PDP-10]
1967
TENEX ->TOPS-20 ---X
1970 1976 1983
Unix -------------------------------------------
1969
HITAC5020 TSS
1969
VMS OpenVMS AXP
1977 1992
OS-9
1980
OS-9/68000
1983
OS-9000
1989
CP/M
1974
Q-DOS
1980
86-DOS
1980
PC-DOS -----------------------
1981
MS-DOS ------------X
1981 1997
DR-DOS ----------------
1988
OS/2 ---------------------
1985
MS-WindowsNT --
1994
MS-Windows95
1995
TRON ---------------------
1984
ITRON1
1987
BTRON1
1989
CTRON1
1992
JTRON1
1997
GM OS : a batch-processing monitoring program for the IBM 701
, General Motors Research Center
GM/NAA I/O System : GM OS rewritten for the IBM 704
, joint effort by General Motors and North American Aviation
SOS : SHARE Operating System for IBM 709, became IBSYS, SHARE user group
IBSYS : used on IBM 7090 and 7094
GECOS : General Electric Comprehensive Operating System
GCOS : General Comprehensive Operating System
FMS : FORTRAN Montior System for the 709, North American Aviation
ITS : Incompatible Timesharing System
DTSS : Dartmouth Time Sharing System
CTSS : Compatible Time Sharing System
Multics: MULTiplexed Information and Computing Service
TRON : The Real-time Operating system Nucleus
AI Lab : Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT
LCS : Laboratory for Computer Science, MIT
CSAIL : Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, MIT
===============================================================================
[Computer Language]
see http://www.levenez.com/lang/
see http://www.legacyj.com/cobol/cobol_history.html
see http://www.lbm.go.jp/toda/comp/struct.html
see http://www.jbooksrv.yamato.jp.ibm.com/
see http://page.inf.fu-berlin.de/~wolff/Algol68-OCCL.html
FORTRAN -----------------------------------------------------
1954
FORTRAN77 FORTRAN90 FORTRAN95
1979 1991 1997
Lisp ---------------------------------------------------
1958
COBOL ------------------------------------------------
1959
Flow-Matic COBOL68 COBOL74 COBOL85 COBOL89 COBOL2002
1958 1968 1974 1985 1989 2002
Algol
1958
Algol60
1960
Algol68
1968
PL/I -----------------------------------------------
1964
TMG
1964
BCPL
1967
C ----------------------------------------------
1971
yacc
1972
PCC C89 C99
1979 1989 1999
C++ ---------------------------
1983
Pascal
1970
Mesa
1977
Smalltalk-80
1981
ABCL/1
1986
TurboPascal
1983
Lattice C
1982
MS-C V3.0
1986
Turbo C
1987
GCC -------------------
1987
===============================================================================
[Graphical User Interface(systems,software...)]
Xerox Alto Star
1973 1983
Smalltalk-80
1981
Apple Lisa Macintosh --------------
1983 1984
Digital Reseach GEM
1985
Commodore Amiga
1985
Microsoft MS-Windows ------------------
1983
GMW
1986
CMU Andrew ................
1985
X Window
System -- X11 ------------
1985 1987
Sun SunDew - NeWS .. on X11
1986 1987
===============================================================================
[Text Processing]
see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bravo_%28software%29
see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_Word
nroff
RUNOFF - roff - troff - ditroff -----------------------------
1964 1969 1973 1979
TeX ---------------------------------
1978
Scribe
1978
Interleaf -----------------------
1981
JW-10
1978
WordStar
1978
Multi-Tool Word
Bravo Microsoft Word
1974 1983
===============================================================================
[Text Editor]
see http://www.jwz.org/doc/emacs-timeline.html
see http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/qed.html
see http://www.daemonnews.org/199903/history.html
see http://neil.franklin.ch/Usenet/alt.folklore.computers/20001115_emacs_and_other_editors
see http://groups.google.com/groups?q=editors+group:alt.folklore.computers&hl=ja&lr=&ie=UTF-8&inlang=ja&group=alt.folklore.computers&selm=8utbrm%24apg%241%40bob.news.rcn.net&rnum=2
1992 1994
+ XEmacs ---------
|
+-------------- Emacs --------- GNU Emacs --------------
| 1976 1985
|
| Nemacs
| 1987
|
| Mule
| 1993
|
TECO -+ QED - ed --- em --------- ded
1962 1966 1971 1975 1981
|
V
ex - vi --------------------------------
1976 1978
WordMaster
1976
MIFES
1985
EZ
1985
Vz Wz
1989 1995
RED
1986
RED++
C-WRITER/98
1987
RED2
1990
===============================================================================
[Personal Computing]
see http://sano.s20.xrea.com/history_of_mycomkit01.htm
see http://www.ise.chuo-u.ac.jp/TISE/kyouyou/8makino1999121/
see http://www.shoeisha.com/book/pc/20c/chap05/tec.htm
see http://www.mit.edu:8001/people/ijs/epl/LINC.html
see http://www.faqs.org/faqs/dec-faq/pdp8/section-7.html
see http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B9
see http://sloan.stanford.edu/mousesite/1968Demo.html
see http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/bl_computer_mouse_patent.htm
see http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Cyberia/VETopLevels/VR.History.html
see http://www.wiu.edu/users/miart/web%20syl/handouts/timeline.html
see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAGE
see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_gun
see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_pen
see http://accad.osu.edu/~waynec/history/lesson2.html
Light gun
1951
Light pen
1957
LINC
1962
SKETCHPAD
1963
mouse
1964
PDP-8
1965
DynaBook
1972
MIT CONS CADR
1975 1977
LMI Lambda
1983
Symbolics 3600
1982
Xerox Alto Dolphin
1973 1979
NUE TAO/ELIS TAO/SILENT --
1986 1997
IMSAI-8080
1975
MITS Altair8800
1975
Apple AppleI Apple][
1975 1977
Lisa Macintosh
1983 1984
IBM IBM-PC PC/AT
1981 1984
PS/2
1987
Commodore PET Amiga
1977 1985
Tandy Radio Shack TRS80
1977
Sinclair ZX80
1980
ZX81
1981
TOSHIBA TLCS-12A EX-O
1976
NEC TK-80
1976
PC-8001
1979
PC-9801 -------------------X
1982 2003
PANAFACOM Lkit-16
1977
FUJITSU Lkit-8
1977
FM-8
1981
FM-11EX
1982
HITACHI H68/TR
1977
MB-6880
1978
SHARP MZ80K
1978
Three Rivers PERQ-1
1980
Acorn Archimedes
1987
NeXT Cube
1989
Apollo DN100
1981
Sun-1
1982
LINC : Laboratory INstrument Computer
参考文献)
インターネットの思想史: 喜多 千草著,青土社(2003/02),ISBN4-7917-6021-2
===============================================================================
[Misc(DBMS,Transaction Processing,Spreadsheet,...)]
[DBMS(Software,machine)]
see http://www.ipsj.or.jp/katsudou/museum/computer/1401.html
DL/I
ICS *H
1966
IMS(ICS was renamed)
1969
DB2
1982
IDS(GE/Honeywell) *N
1967
ADABAS(SoftwareAG) *I
1971
SEQUEL
1974
SEQUEL2
1976
SQL
1979
SQL1
1986
SQL2
1992
INGRES -------- POSTGRES ---- PostgreSQL
1976 1985 1997
Oracle
1978
Informix
1981
Sybase
1984
DIPS-RINDA
1988
*H : Hierarchical model DBMS
*N : Network model DBMS
*I : Inverted list
ICS : Information Control System
IMS : Information Management System
IDS : Integrated Data Store
[Transaction Processing]
see http://www.zois.co.uk/index.html#tpm
CICS
1968
Tuxedo
1989
Encina
1991
Top End ----X
1991 1999
X/Open DTP
1993
[Spreadsheet]
VisiCalc
1979
PIPS
1980
Multiplan
Lotus1-2-3
1982
Microsoft Excel
1985
===============================================================================
[Micro Processor] --Summary--
Intel i4004 i8080 i8086 i286
1971 1974 1978 1982
i386 i486DX Pentium
1985 1989 1993
i860XR i860XP
1989 1991
iAPX432
1981
Zilog Z80
1976
Z8000
1978
Z80000
1986
Motorola 6800
1974
68000 68020 68030 68040 68060
1979 1984 1986 1990 1994
88100
1988
NS SC/MP NS16K(NS32K)
1976 1983
IBM 801 ROMP
1980 1986
POWER
1990
PowerPC 601
1993
HP PA-RISC
32bit 64bit
1986 1995
SPARC SPARC Ultra SPARC
1987 1996
MIPS R2000
1987
R3000 R4000
1988 1992
DEC Alpha
21064
1992
TRON Gmicro/200
1988
--
tati@kc5.so-net.ne.jp 立花 晃＠鎌ヶ谷市